Discrete semiconductor products refer to semiconductor devices in which each device is an independent unit, unlike integrated circuits that integrate multiple devices together. Common discrete semiconductor products include diodes, transistors, field-effect transistors, etc. These products play a vital role in electronic equipment and are widely used in communications, computers, automobiles, industrial control and other fields. In the market, there are some popular models of discrete semiconductor products that have attracted much attention. Among them, the most common is the diode. A diode is a semiconductor device with two electrodes, mainly used for rectification, switching, protection and other functions. Common diode models include 1N4148, 1N4007, 1N5819, etc. These types of diodes have the characteristics of high reliability, low leakage current, fast switching speed, etc., and are widely used in various electronic devices. In addition, transistors are also a common discrete semiconductor product. Transistors are devices used to amplify and switch signals, and are mainly divided into bipolar transistors and field effect transistors. Common transistor models include 2N2222, BC547, IRF540, etc. These types of transistors have the advantages of high gain, low noise, and high frequency characteristics, and are widely used in amplifiers, switching circuits, power amplifiers and other fields. In addition, field effect transistors are also a popular discrete semiconductor product. Field effect transistors are devices used to control current, and are mainly divided into enhancement type and depletion type. Common field effect transistor models include IRF3205, IRF9540, 2N7002, etc. These types of field effect transistors have the characteristics of low on-resistance, high switching speed, low input capacitance, etc., and are widely used in power switches, inverters, power management and other fields. In general, discrete semiconductor products play an important role in electronic devices. Common popular models include diodes, transistors, field-effect transistors, etc. These products have the advantages of high reliability, low power consumption, high performance, etc., and are widely used in communications, computers, automobiles, industrial control and other fields. With the continuous development of science and technology, the application fields of discrete semiconductor products will continue to expand, providing more possibilities for the development of electronic devices.
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Discrete semiconductor products refer to semiconductor devices in which each component (such as diodes, transistors, field effect transistors, etc.) is independent rather than integrated together. Such products are usually used in various electronic devices, such as televisions, mobile phones, computers, etc., and play the role of controlling current, voltage and other functions. The manufacturing process of discrete semiconductor products is very complicated and requires multiple steps to complete. The first is wafer processing, which is to cut the silicon wafer into thin slices, and then clean and remove impurities. Next is the photolithography process, which uses a photolithography machine to transfer the pattern to the silicon wafer to form a circuit pattern. Then there is ion implantation, which injects dopants into the silicon wafer to change its conductive properties. Finally, there is the metallization process, which covers the metal layer on the silicon wafer to form an electrode. Discrete semiconductor products have many advantages, one of which is high reliability. Since each component is independent, once one component is damaged, the other components can still work normally and will not affect the operation of the entire system. In addition, the performance of discrete semiconductor products is relatively stable and is not easily affected by the external environment. However, discrete semiconductor products also have some disadvantages. The first is the large size. Since each component is independent, it takes up more space, which is not conducive to integration, increasing the size and weight of the device. The second is high power consumption. Since there is no direct connection between the components, they need to be controlled by external circuits, resulting in increased power consumption. In general, discrete semiconductor products play a very important role in electronic devices. Although there are some disadvantages, their advantages still make them an indispensable part of the electronics industry. With the continuous development of science and technology, it is believed that the performance and reliability of discrete semiconductor products will continue to improve, bringing more possibilities for the development of electronic devices.
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Common mode chokes, also known as common mode inductors, are coils symmetrically wound on a closed magnetic ring in opposite directions and with the same number of turns. It is often used to filter common mode electromagnetic interference, suppress the outward radiation and emission of electromagnetic waves generated by high-speed signal lines, and improve the EMC of the system.   Choke is a low impedance coil used to weaken the high-frequency current in the circuit. In order to improve its inductance, the choke usually has a core made of soft magnetic material. Common mode inductor is a common mode interference suppression device with ferrite as the magnetic core. It consists of two coils with the same size and the same number of turns, which are symmetrically wound on the same ferrite ring magnetic core to form a four terminal device. It is used to suppress the large inductance of common mode signal, while it has little effect on the small leakage inductance of differential mode signal.   The common mode choke has multiple identical coils, and the current flows in reverse in these coils, so the magnetic field is offset in the core of the choke. Common mode chokes are often used to suppress interference radiation, because such interference currents are reversed in different coils, improving the EMC of the system.   Then, what are the application scenarios of common mode choke?   The frequency range of common mode noise generated by the switching power supply of common mode choke is 10khz~50mhz or even higher. In order to effectively attenuate these noises, it is required that the common mode inductor can provide high enough reactance within this frequency range.   For the ideal inductance model, when the coil is wound, all the magnetic flux is concentrated in the center of the coil. But usually, the ring coil will not be wound for a full circle, or the winding is not tight, which will cause the leakage of magnetic flux. Therefore, common mode inductors generally have a certain ability to attenuate differential mode interference.   In the design of filter, we can also use leakage inductance. For example, in an ordinary filter, only one common mode inductor is installed, and the leakage inductance of the common mode inductor is used to generate an appropriate amount of differential mode inductor, which can inhibit the differential mode current. Sometimes, it is necessary to artificially increase the leakage inductance of the common mode choke and increase the differential mode inductance to achieve better filtering effect.
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Erasible Programmable Read-Only Memory  or EPROM, is a computer memory chip that retains data even after a power failure - that is, non-volatile (non-volatile). It is a set of floating-gate transistors that are programmed separately by an electronic device that provides higher voltage than is commonly used in electronic circuits. Once the program is complete, the EPROM can only be erased by intense ultraviolet radiation.   Specifically, ROMs are generally used for small fixed storage purposes, such as game cards, general electronic product programs are stored in ROM, but EPROM storage is needed for less frequent changes, such as BIOS programs on computers, which are often rewritten in RAM (read-access momery readable and write memory), such as memory.   Structure of cascade gate injection MOS tube. When the floating grid Gf is not charged, the normal logical high level added to the control grid Gc can make the MOS tube conductive. When a negative charge is charged on the floating grid, a normal logical high level is added to the control grid and the MOS tube is not conductive, which is equivalent to not having this storage element connected. Programming uses a high voltage between the drain and the source to generate avalanche breakdown, while adding a high voltage pulse to the control grid, some energetic electrons pass through the SiO2 layer to the floating grid, forming a charge charge charge.   When erasing is required, the transparent window on the EPROM surface can be exposed to a certain intensity of ultraviolet light, and the charge on the floating grid can be leaked after 15-20 minutes. Usually, the transparent window should be closed and shaded to ensure that the charge on the floating grid is stored for a long time. This EPROM erased with ultraviolet light is also called UVEPROM.   In addition, there is an EPROM that is erased by the voltage signal, also known as EEPROM (or EPROM). The stacked MOS tube is also used in its storage unit, and the reverse high voltage pulse is applied on the control grid when erasing.   Because data in EPROM can be modified, it is particularly suitable for making read-only memory in which data needs to be modified.
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KYOCERA AVX
Panasonic Industrial Automation Sales
Analog Devices Inc.
Susumu
Ohmite
Maxim Integrated
Vishay Dale
Rohm Semiconductor
Bourns Inc.
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